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| The "Jim Crow" figure was a fixture of the minstrel shows that toured the South; a white man made up as a black man sang and mimicked stereotypical behavior in the name of comedy. |
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| Sheet music cover illustration with caricatures of ragged African-American musicians and dancers. pub. C1847 |
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| 1866: One of a number of highly racist posters issued as part of a smear campaign against PA Repubican gubernatorial nominee John White Geary by supporters of Democratic candidate Hiester Clymer. Indicative of Clymer's white-supremacy platform, the posters attack postwar Republican efforts to pass a constitutional amendment enfranchising blacks. Artist: Reynolds NY |
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| Another in a series of racist posters attacking Radical Republican exponents of black suffrage, issued during the 1866 PA gubernatorial race. |
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| Philadelphia, 1844: Mrs. Juliann Jane Tillman, preacher of the A.M.E. Church. The African Methodist Episcopal Church was founded in the 1790s and had over 20,000 members in the nothern states on the eve of the Civil War. It launched a major missionary effort to southern blacks after the war and was a leading source of resistence to Jim Crow. Many of the first black politicos and teachers from the North were ministers of the AME church. Illustration by Alfred M. Hoffy. |
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| November 1867: "The First Vote"--African American men, in dress indicative of their professions, in a queue waiting for their turn to vote. Illustration by Harper's Weekly artist Alfred R. Waud 1828-1891 |
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